这里将介绍如何在Rasa Pro应用中调试其action,从而更好地知道程序是否正常运行。
假设我们有1个动作是询问天气,我们可以通过如下方式创建应用:
export RASA_LICENSE=xxxxx rasa init
在创建的项目actions目录下创建1个ask_weather.py的模块,其内容如下:
import random
from typing import Any, Text, Dict, List
from rasa_sdk import Action, Tracker
from rasa_sdk.executor import CollectingDispatcher
import requests
class ActionWeatherForecast(Action):
"""自定义动作：查询指定城市的天气预报"""
def name(self) -> Text:
return "action_weather_forecast"
def run(self, dispatcher: CollectingDispatcher,
tracker: Tracker,
domain: Dict[Text, Any]) -> List[Dict[Text, Any]]:
# 1. 从tracker中获取槽位值（例如城市名称）
# 假设在domain.yml中定义了名为 'city' 的slot
city = tracker.get_slot("city")
if not city:
dispatcher.utter_message(text="请问您想查询哪个城市的天气？")
return []
# 2. 调用外部天气API (此处以模拟数据或真实API为例)
# 注意：实际生产中请替换为真实的API Key和URL
try:
# 模拟返回数据
weather_info = self._get_mock_weather(city)
# 3. 构造回复消息
temperature = weather_info.get('temperature', '未知')
description = weather_info.get('description', '未知')
response_text = f"{city}今天的天气是{description}，气温约为{temperature}摄氏度。"
# 4. 发送消息给用户
dispatcher.utter_message(text=response_text)
except Exception as e:
dispatcher.utter_message(text=f"抱歉，查询{city}的天气时出错了，请稍后再试。")
return []
def _get_mock_weather(self, city: str) -> dict:
"""模拟获取天气数据，实际项目中应替换为真实的API调用"""
if city == "北京":
temperature = 26
description = "阴天"
elif city == "广州":
temperature = 30
description = "晴朗,紫外线很强"
else:
temperature = random.randint(15,40)
description = random.choices(["晴朗","雨天","大雪","大雨","阴凉","大风","雾霾"])[0]
# 简单的模拟逻辑
return {
"temperature": temperature,
"description": description
}
同样在domain目录下新建1个ask_weather.yml的配置文件,其内容如下:
version: "3.1"
intents:
- ask_weather
# ... 其他意图
entities:
- city
# ... 其他实体
slots:
city:
type: text
influence_conversation: false
mappings:
- type: from_entity
entity: city
responses:
# ... 其他回复模板
actions:
- action_weather_forecast # 这里必须与代码中 name() 返回的值完全一致
之后修改项目目录下endpoints.yml中配置:
action_endpoint:
url: "http://localhost:5055/webhook"
actions_module: "actions"
其中url是调试的URL地址,actions_module是动作模块的目录。
接着执行如下的命令开启actions调试服务:
$ rasa run actions --auto-reload 2026-05-08 21:22:10 INFO rasa.tracing.backend_tracing_config - [info ] No backend tracing configuration found in endpoints.yml. Supported backend tracing types are 'jaeger' and 'otlp'. Backend tracing will not be configured. event_key=endpoint.read.no_backend_tracing_config 2026-05-08 21:22:11 INFO rasa_sdk.executor - Registered function for 'add_contact'. 2026-05-08 21:22:11 INFO rasa_sdk.executor - Registered function for 'action_weather_forecast'. 2026-05-08 21:22:11 INFO rasa_sdk.executor - Registered function for 'list_contacts'. 2026-05-08 21:22:11 INFO rasa_sdk.executor - Registered function for 'remove_contact'. 2026-05-08 21:22:11 INFO rasa_sdk.endpoint - Starting action endpoint server... 2026-05-08 21:22:11 INFO rasa_sdk.endpoint - Starting plugins... 2026-05-08 21:22:11 INFO rasa_sdk.endpoint - Action endpoint is up and running on http://0.0.0.0:5055 2026-05-08 21:22:11 INFO rasa_sdk.tracing.config - No endpoint for tracing type available in endpoints.yml,tracing will not be configured. 2026-05-08 21:22:11 INFO sanic.server - Starting worker [19732]
可以看到成功注册了action_weather_forecast动作。
最后编写如下的脚本:
import requests
import json
def test_weather_action():
"""
测试 Rasa Action Server 中的 action_weather_forecast 接口。
"""
# 1. Action Server 的端点 URL (根据您的附件内容)
action_server_url = "http://localhost:5055/webhook"
# 2. 构建符合 OpenAPI 规范的请求体
# 模拟 Rasa Core 发送的请求，其中包含对话状态 (tracker) 和要执行的动作名。
payload = {
"next_action": "action_weather_forecast", # 要执行的自定义动作名称
"sender_id": "test_user_001", # 模拟用户ID
"tracker": {
"sender_id": "test_user_001",
"slots": {
"city": "上海" # 假设用户已提供了城市信息，并已存入名为'city'的槽位
},
# "latest_message": {
# "intent": {"name": "ask_weather", "confidence": 0.99},
# "entities": [{"entity": "city", "value": "北京"}],
# "text": "北京天气怎么样？"
# },
# "latest_action_name": "action_listen",
# "events": [],
# "paused": False,
# "followup_action": None,
# "active_loop": {},
# "latest_input_channel": "rest"
},
"domain": {
# "config": {"store_entities_as_slots": True},
# "intents": [{"ask_weather": {"use_entities": True}}],
# "entities": ["city"],
# "slots": {
# "city": {
# "type": "text",
# "auto_fill": True,
# "initial_value": None
# }
# },
# "responses": {},
# "actions": ["action_weather_forecast", "utter_greet", "action_listen"]
}
}
# 3. 设置请求头
headers = {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Accept': 'application/json'
}
try:
# 4. 发送 POST 请求
print(f"正在向 Action Server 发送测试请求: {action_server_url}")
response = requests.post(action_server_url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers, timeout=10)
# 5. 处理响应
print(f"响应状态码: {response.status_code}")
if response.status_code == 200:
result = response.json()
print("✅ 动作执行成功！")
print("响应内容:")
print(json.dumps(result, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))
# 解析并打印机器人回复
if 'responses' in result and result['responses']:
for resp in result['responses']:
if 'text' in resp:
print(f"\n🤖 机器人回复: {resp['text']}")
else:
print("⚠️ 响应中未包含直接回复文本，请检查动作返回的 `responses` 字段。")
elif response.status_code == 400:
error = response.json()
print(f"❌ 动作执行被拒绝: {error.get('error', '未知错误')}")
elif response.status_code == 500:
print("❌ Action Server 内部执行出错，请检查动作代码日志。")
else:
print(f"❌ 收到意外状态码: {response.status_code}, 响应文本: {response.text}")
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
print(f"❌ 无法连接到 Action Server，请确保已在运行 `rasa run actions` 并监听在 {action_server_url}")
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
print("❌ 请求超时，请检查 Action Server 状态。")
except Exception as e:
print(f"❌ 测试过程中发生未知错误: {e}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 运行测试前，请确保：
# 1. 您的自定义动作代码已正确放置在 actions/ 目录下。
# 2. 已通过 `rasa run actions` 启动了 Action Server。
test_weather_action()
执行上述脚本可以看到类似如下的输出:
正在向 Action Server 发送测试请求: http://localhost:5055/webhook
响应状态码: 200
✅ 动作执行成功！
响应内容:
{
"events": [],
"responses": [
{
"text": "上海今天的天气是大雨，气温约为26摄氏度。",
"buttons": [],
"elements": [],
"custom": {},
"template": null,
"response": null,
"image": null,
"attachment": null
}
]
}
� 机器人回复: 上海今天的天气是大雨，气温约为26摄氏度。
这样我们就成功在Rasa应用中通过RESTful API的方式对actions进行了执行。
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